How to Retrieve Lost Photos after Formatting an SD Card?

Whoops! You Accidentally Format an SD Card?

What if you accidentally format your SD card and all important photos are gone? Such kind of thing often happens when the SD card is connected to a computer, or you just press the wrong button on your digital camera or mobile phone. 

SD Card Is Not Formatted or Unformatted – Repair SD Card Not Formatted Error & Restore Data

SD Card Is Showing Not Formatted Error or Unformatted?

Question: How can I fix my SD card & transfer the photos and video to my computer?
I can see all photos and videos inside my Kingston 16GB SD card when I inserted it into my digital camera. However, when I connect my SD card to the computer either through a card reader or a USB cable and attempt to open the SD card on My Computer, I always get the message below:
"The disk in drive G is not formatted. Do you want to format it now?"

How can I fix my SD card not formatted error and transfer the photos and videos to my computer?